The Machining PRAXIS in Architecture (MPA) course series explores the applications of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines and machining technologies in architectural design and fabrication. Each year, a core subject is chosen to define the framework of the course. Core subjects are selected based on their relevance to architectural design and their potential for further investigation in real-scale architectural projects. MPA aims to enhance students' ability to integrate machining into the design process and engage effectively with materials during design, fabrication, and assembly.

 

The first semester (MPA-1) focuses on developing individual soft skills and project work through challenges presented by the core subject. Students will prepare machine-ready files during this semester and will receive brief introductions to operating 3-axis CNC machines.

 

The second semester (MPA-2) emphasises hands-on skills and advancing students' fabrication knowledge through the creation of upscaled installations or mock-ups. MPA-2 further develops the students' ability to integrate machining into the design process and engage effectively with materials during design, fabrication, and assembly.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of MPA-1 is required for participation in MPA-2.

Winter Semester of 2025/26

Students will learn and practice the process of file preparation for Computer Numerically Controlled machines. By the end of the semester, students are expected to be capable of preparing machine-ready files for 3-axis milling machines and will become familiar with the basics of operating them. This will be achieved by working on several examples and delivering individual projects aligned with the semester’s core theme.

In the academic year 2025–2026, MPA focuses on the design and making of architectural ornaments using computational techniques.

Machining PRAXIS in Architecture 1 covers the following objectives:

• Computer-based design and fabrication, from CAD to CAM
• Machining strategies
• Materials for machining
• Machining tools
• Architectural manufacturing through machining
• 2-axis and 3-axis machining (file preparation, machine use)
• Precision and tolerances in machining
• Safety regulations for machining

Students are evaluated based on their progress during the course, attendance at seminars and critique sessions, and the following criteria:

• Ability to prepare machining files independently without critical mistakes.

• Ability to explain the process of using 3-axis milling machines
• Successful development of an independent project based on the semester’s core theme
• Active participation in the course and completion of in-course assignments

• It is highly recommended that students take this course during one of their first four semesters.
• To participate in MPA-2, successful completion of MPA-1 is required.
• From Winter Semester 2025–26, MPA-1 will no longer include physical prototyping of individual projects. This task will be carried out in MPA-2 (Summer Semester 2026).
• Students who wish to work as Model Making / Milling / Workshop Assistants in one of the three Architecture Studios of the IOA (Studios 1, 2, 3) must participate in and successfully complete both MPA-1 and MPA-2.  Note: Participation does not guarantee a position, but it is a requirement.

• Are you a student from disciplines other than Architecture and wish to participate in this course? Please write to me in advance (koupaei@uni-ak.ac.at). I will evaluate your skills and base knowledge to make sure the course could benefit you, and you are welcome to participate afterwards.

Requirements

HARDWARE:

Participants must bring their own laptops or computers. Co-working or sharing a laptop is not permitted. Each participant must have a device available during course hours to create files in real time.

 

SOFTWARE:

• - Microsoft Windows must be installed due to plug-in requirements.
• - Participants must be familiar with Rhino and capable of performing 3D modelling tasks.
• - A free trial version of RhinoCAM will be used in MPA-1. Instructions for installation and use will be provided during the Kickoff.

Schedule

Note: We ensure that sessions do not overlap with Prof. Mangelsdorf's Wednesday seminars. Final confirmation of this will occur before the First Session.

Session 1 - [3 hours] – Regular Session

Introductory meeting to outline the semester program, promote knowledge exchange between students and the instructor, and define course requirements.

Introduction to digital design and fabrication, CNC technologies, subtractive manufacturing, and the relevance of machining for architects.

The semester schedule and workshop dates will be finalised during this session.

Session 2 - [6 hours] – One-day workshop

Introduction to 3-axis operations. Students will finalise sample files.

Session 3 - [6 hours] – One-day workshop

Introduction to 2½-axis cutting operations. Students will finalise sample files.

Session 4 - [3 hours] – Regular Session

Machine Introduction: Group A [90 min] + Group B [90 min]

Session 5 - [6 hours] – One-day workshop

Complex operations and independent file preparation by students.

Critique Session - [1 hour]

Three one-hour meetings per student to finalise their project.

Final Presentation – [2 hours]